What is the term for the movement where all parts of Earth's surface, except for the poles, move in a circle around Earth's axis from west to east?

The correct term for the movement where all parts of Earth's surface, except for the poles, move in a circle around Earth's axis from west to east is "rotation." This process describes how the Earth spins on its own axis, completing a full turn approximately every 24 hours. As a result, different locations on Earth experience varying amounts of sunlight and darkness throughout the day, which is fundamental for understanding day and night cycles.

In contrast, the other options do not pertain to this specific movement. "Revolution" refers to the Earth's orbit around the Sun, taking about one year to complete. "Ecliptic Movement" relates to the apparent path the Sun follows through the sky over the course of a year based on Earth's orbit. "Inclination" refers to the tilt of the Earth's axis in relation to its orbital plane around the Sun, which affects seasonal changes but is not related to the spinning motion of Earth on its axis. Therefore, "rotation" specifically captures the essence of the described movement of Earth's surface.